{"id":10775,"date":"2017-11-29T11:18:54","date_gmt":"2017-11-29T11:18:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/federicofioretto.biz\/en\/?p=10775"},"modified":"2021-07-23T17:02:12","modified_gmt":"2021-07-23T17:02:12","slug":"the-contribution-of-additive-manufacturing-to-sustainability-conclusions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/federicofioretto.biz\/en\/the-contribution-of-additive-manufacturing-to-sustainability-conclusions\/","title":{"rendered":"The contribution of Additive Manufacturing to Sustainability: conclusions"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Part III: Conclusions (third of three articles), written with Greta D&#8217;Angelo, PhD<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>[Introduction and summary of PART I &amp; II] <\/em><\/p>\n<p>In the previous two parts of this series of articles, we have discussed Sustainability benefits in Additive Manufacturing (AM), more commonly known as 3D printing, given by the product itself, starting from a different design of it, and the peculiar production process of AM. Then we have dealt with the benefits of the make-to-order component manufacturing model that AM fosters and the impact that the technology will have on logistics and the whole supply chain. Finally we have discussed the necessity of rethinking the business models. In this short final article we will draw some conclusions from all the discussed points and if a lively debate shall start from here among colleagues and professionals with an interest in the future of Sustainability and Industry 4.0 we will feel authorized to call our mission accomplished.<\/p>\n<p><em>[Conclusions]<\/em><\/p>\n<p>From reflection on all the points dealt with in the two previous articles, it seems that, in terms of Sustainability, <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>AM offers multiple advantages<\/strong><\/span> over conventional subtractive manufacturing techniques. Few hints suggest that AM can help to a large extent, for instance by making production more <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>energy<\/strong><\/span> and <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>material<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>efficient<\/strong><\/span>, effective, <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>environmentally friendly<\/strong><\/span>, <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>customer oriented<\/strong><\/span>, offering new jobs and business opportunities, <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>democratizing<\/strong><\/span> some parts of economy and industry. The answers are not all there, though, and a lot has still to be learned and assessed in this field through more extensive research and consideration of the whole <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>value chain<\/strong><\/span> and <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>life-cycle<\/strong><\/span> of products. There are also still some major barriers and challenges for a distributed deployment of AM in the supply chains like, for example, the acquisition <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>price<\/strong><\/span> of AM systems, personnel intensiveness and the <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>slow production rates<\/strong><\/span> of AM processes. Furthermore, AM as a technology needs to be <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>contextualized <\/strong><\/span>and it should not be seen as an isolated case of technological advancement in manufacturing, but rather as one piece of a larger puzzle. In this regard two aspects should be considered. The first is that AM will not completely replace more conventional manufacturing technologies, but rather <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>co-exist <\/strong><\/span>with them. The second is that AM is one of the macro-trends of Industry 4.0 and in order to deliver its best performances it shall work in <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>close relation<\/strong><\/span> to <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>other technologies<\/strong><\/span>, such as artificial intelligence, virtual reality, big data, robotics and machine learning, just to mention a few. Therefore the new business models, shall also account for this integration to happen.<\/p>\n<p>Some considerations now about the <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>social benefits<\/strong><\/span> that a technology like AM will bring. We can underline once more the <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>customer experience<\/strong><\/span>, which can also include the fact that some products will in the future be available in contexts where they were not, before this technology emerged. This can be first because of <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>affordability<\/strong><\/span>, that the possibility of making strictly personalized items at competitive costs will certainly improve, e.g. prosthetics, dental and surgical implants. Second, the possibility of <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>producing<\/strong><\/span> complex items in <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>remote locations<\/strong><\/span> without the need for large investment and big machinery, can again allow customers who could never dream of getting some technology to benefit from them, e.g. producing components for small <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>renewable energy<\/strong><\/span> plants, like water stream turbines for village use or <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>small scale<\/strong><\/span> wind-power devices. Finally, like many disruptive technology and business model innovations, AM will bring about the possibility to generate <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>jobs<\/strong><\/span> and <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>business opportunities<\/strong><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>But is all the above enough to consider AM as the panacea of sustainable manufacturing? To answer this question we have to consider that the new frontier that <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>Sustainability<\/strong><\/span> has to achieve, to be definitely free of the relics of greenwashing, is the <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>fully embedded <\/strong><\/span>status and <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>Total Matter Productivity<\/strong><\/span>. Thus, the big question is whether or not AM can help achieve such goal.<\/p>\n<p>Our feeling is that there are opportunities provided some <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>conditions<\/strong><\/span>. One is that research has to develop thorough innovation and come up with <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>materials<\/strong><\/span> that come from <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>renewable sources<\/strong><\/span> as much as possible, can be <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>recycled<\/strong><\/span> at the end of life of the product and whose unused parts, e.g. powders, can easily <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>re-enter the production <\/strong><\/span>cycle. <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>Bio-based<\/strong><\/span> materials, like polymers or resins, are today at a stage of fast evolution and can open windows of opportunity in this aspect. Design and engineering also have to help in making AM more and more efficient in the use of material and products easy to recycle. <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>By-products<\/strong><\/span> or elements used in the AM process, e.g. gases, must also be <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>non-toxic<\/strong><\/span> and technologies have to be developed in order to re-capture and re-use them. An accurate <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>balance<\/strong><\/span> of the <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>energy<\/strong><\/span> implied in AM production has to be calculated to make sure that this technology is used when it is the more efficient and that it does not become the new <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>energy-guzzler<\/strong><\/span> around.<\/p>\n<p>Indeed, the <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>Circular Economy,<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>Closed Loop<\/strong><\/span>, Total Matter Productivity <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>business model <\/strong><\/span>has to come into play and be the point of reference for AM as well as for all of manufacturing in the 4.0 Era. If this is the vision that will drive the development of the industry in the following decade, we have no doubt that we will come out with appropriate models that take into account all the relevant factors and maximize the Sustainability of manufacturing.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Greta D\u2019Angelo is an industrial designer converted to the discipline of manufacturing engineering. She has a PhD in Additive Manufacturing from the Technology University of Denmark and has collaborated with numerous designers and universities, among which MIT and ETH Z\u00fcrich. Greta is now a consultant in the area of Digitalization and Additive Manufacturing for the development of sustainable business models.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Part III: Conclusions (third of three articles), written with Greta D&#8217;Angelo, PhD [Introduction and summary of PART I &amp; II] In the previous two parts of<span class=\"excerpt-hellip\"> [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10776,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[172,173,174,153],"class_list":["post-10775","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-additive-manufacturing-en","tag-industry-4-0-en","tag-innovation-en","tag-sustainability-en-2"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The contribution of Additive Manufacturing to Sustainability: conclusions - 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